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Parcel tax
The parcel tax is a form of tax used primarily in California for the funding of public education. It originated in response to California's Proposition 13, a state constitutional amendment approved by the voters in 1978. Proposition 13 limited taxation based on the assessed value of real estate to 1% per year; however, the parcel tax is a flat tax on each parcel of real estate, and does not vary according to the value of the property. Proposition 13 allowed government entities to levy "special taxes" if approved by 2/3 of the voters. Because of the requirement that 2/3 of the voters approve such a measure, it has been described as a "somewhat cumbersome funding mechanism".〔 〕
Research has shown that districts able to pass parcel tax measures tend to be more prosperous and to have lower percentages of minority students than those where parcel tax measures failed, or were never proposed. For example, in Oakland, California, where 68.5% of students qualify for free lunches, property owners pay a $195 parcel tax while in its enclave Piedmont, where 0.3% of students qualify for free lunches, owners pay at minimum a $1,200 parcel tax. Over 80% of school districts with parcel taxes are in the relatively wealthy San Francisco Bay Area.
Parcel taxes are distributed regressively because they require owners of smaller or lower valued property to pay the same total amount as owners of larger or higher valued property. When the Alameda Unified School District attempted to mitigate this by imposing a parcel tax that would require very large commercial properties to pay a larger amount than residential home owners, a California appeals court declared the tax invalid.〔(Borikas v. Alameda Unified School Dist., 214 Cal. App. 4th 135, 154 Cal. Rptr. 3d 186 (Ct. App. 2013). )〕 In response the California State Senate passed a bill by Governance and Finance Chair Lois Wolk to allow school district voters to levy a higher parcel tax on commercial property,〔SB-1021 http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_1001-1050/sb_1021_cfa_20140403_133301_sen_comm.html〕〔California State Senate Floor Session Item: SB-1021 School districts: parcel taxes. Wolk (May 5 2014) http://calchannel.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?view_id=&clip_id=2094&meta_id=20175〕 but the bill then failed in Assembly committee.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.calchamber.com/Headlines/Pages/06262014-Split-Roll-Bill-Dies-in-Assembly-Committee.aspx )〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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